viernes, 29 de enero de 2010

Fundamentos de Investigación

FUNDAMENTOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN
La investigación científica es la búsqueda intencionada de conocimientos o de soluciones a problemas de carácter científico. También existe la investigación
The research is a process which, by applying the scientific method seeks to (worthy of faith and credit) relevant and reliable information, to understand, verify, correct or apply knowledge.
La Investigación es un proceso que, mediante la aplicación del método científico, procura obtener información relevante y fidedigna (digna de fe y crédito), para entender, verificar, corregir o aplicar el conocimiento.
Scientific method
A scientific method consists of the collection of data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses.
Scientific researchers propose hypotheses as explanations of phenomena, and design experimental studies to test these hypotheses.
There are different ways of outlining the basic method used for scientific inquiry
Inquiry: investigación, averiguación, busca, búsqueda, diligencias previas, encuesta, escudriñamiento, exploración, inquisición, interrogatorio, perquisición, pesquisa, consulta, probanza, requisa, sondeo
The scientific method is a way to ask and answer scientific questions by making observations and doing experiments.
The steps of the scientific method are to:
• Ask a Question: The scientific method starts when you ask a question about something that you observe: How, What, When, Who, Which, Why, or Where?
• Do Background Research. (Hacer antecedentes de la investigación - revisión literatura). Background research is also important to help you understand the theory behind. Begin by identifying the keywords and main concepts in your question.
• Construct a Hypothesis: A hypothesis is an educated guess about how things work:
"If _____[I do this] _____, then _____[this]_____ will happen."
You must state your hypothesis in a way that you can easily measure, and of course, your hypothesis should be constructed in a way to help you answer your original question.
• Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment: Your experiment tests whether your hypothesis is true or false. It is important for your experiment to be a fair test. You conduct a fair test by making sure that you change only one factor at a time while keeping all other conditions the same.
You should also repeat your experiments several times to make sure that the first results weren't just an accident.
• Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion: Once your experiment is complete, you collect your measurements and analyze them to see if your hypothesis is true or false.
Scientists often find that their hypothesis was false, and in such cases they will construct a new hypothesis starting the entire process of the scientific method over again. Even if they find that their hypothesis was true, they may want to test it again in a new way.
• Communicate Your Results: To complete your science fair project you will communicate your results to others in a final report and/or a display board. Professional scientists do almost exactly the same thing by publishing their final report in a scientific journal or by presenting their results on a poster at a scientific meeting.
(http://www.sciencebuddies.org/mentoring/project_scientific_method.shtml)
It is important for your experiment to be a fair test. A "fair test" occurs when you change only one factor (variable) and keep all other conditions the same. http://www.google.com.co/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sciencebuddies.org/mentoring/overview_scientific_method2.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.sciencebuddies.org/mentoring/project_scientific_method.shtml&h=348&w=362&sz=16&tbnid=0tCD1dZBQbnH_M:&tbnh=116&tbnw=121&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dscientific%2Bmethod&hl=es&usg=__LYPrQCsAqrpp3FUCXlZtDdVnCqg=&ei=7ctQS9rAN4eXtgfN47UB&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=4&ct=image&ved=0CBgQ9QEwAw.

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